Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
They discovered how the immune system prevents attacks on the body, known as peripheral immune tolerance.
Sakaguchi identified regulatory T-cells, or T-reg cells, that act as the immune system’s “brakes.”
Brunkow and Ramsdell found the FoxP3 gene, essential for creating these protective cells.
Their work explains how autoimmunity is prevented and guides new treatments for diseases and cancer.
“This prize was long overdue,” said Prof Adrian Hayday.
